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THE 20^CENTURYT 
FROM ANOTHER 
VIEWPOINTS ^ 




8EC0MP OOPY, 
18^9. 




LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

Chap. Copyright IS^o. 

Shelf„iIB-J_. 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



The Twentieth Century from 
Another Viewpoint 



The Twentieth Century 
from Another Viewpoint 



BY TH6 HONORABLE 

David J. ^Brewer, LL. D. 

Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the 
United States 




New York Chicago Toronto 

Fleming H. Revell Company 

Publishers of Evangelical Literature 



HIU4- 



mnm 



Copyright, 1899 

by 

FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY 




m 6 o^fiQ 



\ 






The substance of this monograph was given as 
an address before the following organizations : 

The Young Men's Christian Association of Yale 
University in the Dwight Hall Lecture Course. 

The Men's Club of La Fayette Avenue Presby- 
terian Church, Buffalo. 

The Columbian University, Washington. 



The Twentieth Century from 
Another Viewpoint 

In these closing hours of the nine- 
teenth century many are speculating 
as to the twentieth. It is the theme 
of many a discourse. On every hand 
we hear prophesies of greatness and 
glory, or of disaster and gloom. 
Somehow or other the passing from 
one century to another seems to be 
regarded as a sort of hinge on which 
is to swing a hundred years of start- 
ling achievements for good or bad, 
weal or woe. 

The scientist, proud of the marvel- 
lous inventions and discoveries of the 
present century, boldly affirms that we 
are trembling on the verge of inven- 
tions and discoveries far surpassing in 
wonder and importance all that have 
5 



The Twentieth Century 

hitherto been achieved. Looking lov- 
ingly at the telegraph, the telephone, 
the phonograph, the steam engine, 
electric light and power, the cotton 
gin, and all the multitude of machines 
for doing hand work; the daguerreo- 
type, the photograph, the kinetoscope; 
the anaesthetics and antiseptics and 
the X-rays, he rejoices to believe that 
in the coming century fact will quick- 
ly anticipate fancy, and the wildest 
dreams of the imagination be trans- 
formed by the mystic finger of science 
into the realities of experience and the 
necessaries of life. 

The geographer who, like Alexan- 
der, has been longing for other worlds 
to conquer, following in the footsteps 
of Kane, and Franklin and Greely to 

" That far north where ceaseless cold 
Has built its alabaster hold 
And where the sun disdains to show 
His brightness on unbroken snow, 
Where icy pillars tower to heaven 
Pale sentinels to nature given 
To watch the only spot she can 
Withhold for grasping hand of man," 

6 



From Another Viewpoint 

is waiting for the more fortunate ex- 
plorer who shall one day stand on the 
summit of the north pole and gaze 
with equal vision down the full length 
of the circling horizon toward the 
tropical vegetation of the equator. 

The engineer who has tunnelled the 
Alps, spanned with firm bridge the 
raging torrent of Niagara and, antici- 
pating the politician, united Brooklyn 
and New York with bands of steel, 
who has cut the sands of Egypt to 
mingle the waters of the Mediterran- 
ean with those of the Indian Ocean, 
who has spanned every continent and 
ascended every mountain with the 
railroad train, who has sent the pas- 
senger across the Atlantic within two 
Sundays, and laid beneath the ocean 
the cable that whispers in a minute 
from continent to continent, who has 
made the hanging gardens of Babylon, 
the Coliseum at Rome, and even the 
Pyramids of Egypt almost forgotten 
glories, bids the twentieth century 
7 



The Twentieth Century 

all hail with the promise of achieve- 
ments, compared with which all that 
has been will pale away Hke the light 
of stars before the splendors of the 
rising sun. The waters of the Atlan- 
tic and Pacific will touch lips through 
the Isthmus of Darien. Breakfast at 
New York will be followed by supper 
at San Francisco. The great oceans 
will be reduced to a mere ferry. Eif- 
fel's Tower will be followed by one 
which will overtop Mount Blanc. A 
greater than Yerkes' telescope will 
make the planets our neighbors, and 
the ambitious city on the banks of 
Lake Michigan will annex our lunar 
neighbor as one of its additions and 
lay off convenient summer resorts in 
the adjacent mountains of the moon. 

The financier who boasts of the ac- 
cumulations of organized capital, and 
rubs his 

fair round belly, with good capon lin'd " 

as he thinks of insurance companies 
8 



From Another Viewpoint 

with their accumulations of 200,000,- 
000, of railroad companies that are 
able to borrow 150,000,000 and whose 
stock exceeds the total wealth of the 
country at the beginning of the cen- 
tury, of banks that can hardly build 
vaults large enough to store their vol- 
umes of coin, looks hopefully forward 
to the time when there will be accu- 
mulations of capital so large, that com- 
pared with them the wealth of Croesus 
will seem poverty; when corporations 
will abound, whose stocks and bonds 
will be measured by billions instead 
of millions, and when financial and 
commercial enterprises will be started 
and prosecuted to success as far over- 
topping any yet undertaken as Hima- 
laya's summit does the foothills at its 
base. 

The social economist, as he mourns 
over the maladjustment of social con- 
ditions, the fearful inequality between 
accumulated wealth on the one side 
and abject poverty on the other, hopes 
9 



The Twentieth Century 

that the coming century will bring a 
readjustment on a fairer basis, when 
poverty shall vanish from the face of 
the earth, when each man shall sit in 
peace beneath his own vine and fig 
tree and enjoy a comforting share of 
the good things of earth ; when wealth 
shall have lost its social power, and 
manhood be the single test of social 
distinction. 

And so I might go on and picture 
before you the varied prophetic vi- 
sions of the new century. 

And now before the eyes of those 
who believe in the Man of Nazareth 
how looms up that century.? Is it 
filled with visions of splendor or 
freighted with pictures of gloom ? 
Do we see on the walls of the tem- 
ple where our Christian civilization is 
meeting in luxurious banquet the 
words, MenCy Mem, Tehel, Uphar- 
sin, or are we able to repeat exult- 
ingly the words of the hymn we so 
often sing ? 

lO 



From Another Viewpoint 

"Watchman, tell us of the night, 

For the morning seems to dawn ; 
Traveller, darkness takes its flight, 

Doubt and terror are withdrawn ; 
Watchman, let thy wanderings cease ; 

Hie thee to thy quiet home ! 
Traveller, lo ! the Prince of peace, 

Lo 1 the Son of God is come ! " 

I know that no one can affirm with 
certainty what is to be. The future 
is a sealed book, whose mysteries no 
man can read with the assurance 
which comes after events. The era 
of prophesy has passed. No man can 
say that he is like Saul among the 
prophets. And yet the lamp of the 
past casts some light into the future. 
We may discern the signs of the 
times. We may perceive the trend 
of human events. We may note the 
direction in which the currents of 
life are moving, and so noting see 
whither they are likely to lead. And 
as I discern the signs of the times, as 
in the experience of life I have noted 
in which directions the currents of 
human thought and activity are flow- 
II 



The Twentieth Century 

ing, I venture this forecast of the fu- 
ture, and to give these semi-prophe- 
sies of what the tv^entieth century is 
to be, and to bring. 

And first, I predict that the twen- 
tieth century will be noted for greater 
unity in Christian life. The present 
century has been one of denomina- 
tional rivalry and strife. The next 
will be one of Christian unity. In af- 
firming that I have rightly read the 
character of the present century I do 
not rest on the antagonism between 
the Protestant and Catholic Churches. 
That quarrel has raged ever since the 
Reformation, and has divided into op- 
posing factions the two great parties 
of Christendom. Within the limits of 
Protestantism alone has been bitter de- 
nominational strife. It has run through 
benevolent and educational as well as 
specifically Christian work. It has 
multiplied the number of our charitable 
institutions, our missionary societies, 
our colleges and universities, and has 



From Another Viewpoint 

filled every city, town and village with 
many weak and struggling churches 
instead of a few strong and vigorous 
organizations. The effort has been to 
make all good things run along de- 
nominational lines. The cry has been 
for Congregationalists to give their 
contributions to only such institutions 
as were controlled by Congregational- 
ists; the Methodists to help only those 
which the Methodist Church ruled, and 
so on through the denominations. 

We especially who have lived on 
the frontier have seen and felt the 
fact and the wickedness of this strife. 
The great effort seems to have been 
not to make better lives but to make 
more Methodists, more Presbyterians, 
more Congregationalists, and doing 
this alas too often only through the 
breaking down of other denomina- 
tions. The means by which these ri- 
valries have been carried on have been 
too often such, as, to say the least, 
are not deserving of commendation. 
13 



The Twentieth Century 

When in any community one denom- 
ination put up a building the others 
strove to erect larger. When one is- 
sued a catalogue of members, the oth- 
ers immediately responded with cata- 
logues showing greater numbers, and 
in order to make the numbers curious 
practices were resorted to. The spirit 
of rivalry in this respect is well illus- 
trated by an incident which is said to 
have taken place during the civil war. 
Two regiments, one of Indiana and the 
other of Ohio, were camped together. 
The chaplain of the former was an ear- 
nest man, through whose efforts many 
conversions took place among the 
soldiers in that regiment. When this 
was reported to the Ohio colonel and 
that forty Indiana soldiers had been 
baptized, he promptly issued his or- 
der to detail sixty men for immediate 
baptism, saying that he would be 
blankety-blanked if any Hoosier regi- 
ment should have more Christians in 
it than the Fourth Ohio. 
H 



From Another Viewpoint 

But while this has been largely the 
spirit of the present century a marked 
reaction has set in. The folly and 
wickedness of such rivalry have been 
felt, and the currents are moving in the 
other direction. The desire for greater 
unity is becoming more and more 
manifest. It is asserting itself with a 
vigor which cannot be restrained and 
is I am sure to control the whole 
movement of the Christian world. 
Note as among the evidences of this 
the many associations and organiza- 
tions in which denominationalism is 
ignored and the work is carried on as 
simply Christian work: The Young 
Men's Christian Association, to which 
you young gentlemen belong. It is 
neither local nor denominational. Its 
branches extend throughout the entire 
length and breadth of the country. 
Within its membership are included 
all denominations, and its work is in 
no respect denominational, but simply 
Christian. Other instances may be 
15 



The Twentieth Century 

found in the Christian Endeavor So- 
ciety, the Sunday School Unions, and, 
in a little different form, the various 
Chautauqua assemblies. These or- 
ganizations and others engaged in their 
special work are not destroying de- 
nominations, but are bringing them 
into a greater unity and filling them 
with a larger charity. It is also worthy 
of note that in most of these the prin- 
cipal and controlling force is found 
among the young. Out of the young 
men and young women of the coun- 
try is drawn the great bulk of their 
membership, and youth is the sug- 
gestive fact everywhere apparent. 
They are not the places into which old 
age falls wearied with its strife and 
activities, but where the young who 
are to make the twentieth century are 
being moulded and formed for their 
life-work. It is not unworthy of no- 
tice either that the ancient enemies, 
Catholicism and Protestantism, are 
drawing closer to each other. The 

i6 



From Another Viewpoint 

prelates and members of the two 
churches do not hesitate to affiliate in 
a thousand forms of labor. Cardinal 
Gibbons, the head of the Catholic 
Church in this country, and Bishop 
Paret, of the Episcopal Church, were 
invited to attend a gathering in which, 
by reason of its official character, the 
rank of the various guests was a mat- 
ter of consideration. The Bishop, 
turning to the Cardinal, said "which 
has the higher rank, a cardinal in the 
CathoHc or a bishop in the Episcopal 
Church," *'! do not know," was the 
reply, 'Met us not raise the question, 
but let us go in side by side," and they 
did. At a gathering of Congregation- 
alists in Pennsylvania the eloquent 
Catholic Archbishop Ryan, of Phila- 
delphia, was a welcome guest, and in 
the course of his speech truthfully said 
that the spirit of charity is the spirit of 
the day. The time is past when the 
Protestant should look back upon the 
horrible things of the Inquisition and 
17 



The Twentieth Century 

denounce Roman Catholicism on ac- 
count thereof, or the Catholic, on the 
other hand, look back at the burning 
of the witches, or the persecution of 
the Quakers, and denounce Protestant- 
ism therefor, but each should shake 
hands and join in a common effort to 
further the cause of a common mas- 
ter. 

I do not infer from this growing 
spirit of charity that denominations 
are to cease. Differences of creed and 
forms of government and modes of 
worship will always continue, and 
each individual will seek that denomi- 
nation which in these respects appeals 
most strongly to his feelings and con- 
victions. Human nature is variously 
constituted, and the differences of our 
nature will always assert themselves 
in the outward expression of our lives. 
Every man naturally and instinctively 
goes to the place in which he feels him- 
self most at ease. But I do insist that 
these facts are indicative that the dif- 
i8 



From Another Viewpoint 

ferences are no longer regarded of the 
essence of things, but are like the 
clothes we wear, each putting on the 
garment which suits him best, and 
each feeling that it is but a garment 
which clothes the man within, and not 
of the substance of his life. We shall 
come more and more to cease wrang- 
ling about the matter of garments, and 
all move forward in a united effort for 
the bettering of human life. 

Again, I predict that the coming 
century will be noted for greater econ- 
omy in Christian work. The present 
has been one of restless activity in al- 
most every direction of human effort. 
Science has been busy investigating 
and experimenting. The explorer has 
been pushing his footsteps into every 
part of the globe, habitable and unin- 
habitable; archaeology has been delv- 
ing into the ruins of the past and 
bringing forth therefrom the stories of 
forgotten events, individuals and races. 
The economist has been planning all 

19 



The Twentieth Century 

sorts of economic and social changes. 
The inventor has almost choked the 
land with his marvellous inventions for 
lessening toil and adding to human 
comfort and luxury. The business 
man has been organizing corporations 
and combinations of surpassing mag- 
nitude and carrying on operations 
which startle the world. Charity has 
been reaching in every direction and 
multiplying with inconceivable rapidity 
institutions and measures for relieving 
the needy and helpless of earth. So- 
cial organizations have become as 
numerous as the leaves in Vallombrosa. 
Even in religious matters the same 
restless activity appears. This has 
been called the missionary century be- 
cause of the marvellous efforts which 
have been put forth in so many dif- 
ferent directions and under so many 
different auspices to carry on mission- 
ary work, both home and foreign. 
And in this restless activity pervading 
all departments of life there has been, 
20 



From Another Viewpoint 

as might be expected, an enormous 
waste of energy. The activity has 
been universal, but spasmodic, irregu- 
lar, and without due thought of the 
relation of means to the end, or the 
proper economy of force. This waste 
appears distinctly in two directions: 
First, in the efforts and the movements 
that have failed; and, second, in the 
unfit and unwise adaptation of means 
to ends. Have you ever stopped to 
think of the countless number of 
wrecks that lie along the shores of 
our national life during the last half 
century ? Think of the business enter- 
prises that have started and failed, of 
the social and patriotic organizations 
that have sprung up in the morning 
and faded in the evening; of the 
churches that have been born, only to 
die; of the schemes and efforts that 
have been put forth in every direction 
only to pass away without any success- 
ful result. So again, on every side are 
the restless individuals who, fancying 

21 



The Twentieth Century 

they have discovered merit in some 
idea of society, pleasure, patriotism, 
business, charity, education, or reli- 
gion, immediately seek to create an or- 
ganization to carry that idea into the 
life of the nation. If one should 
simply enumerate all the societies, 
clubs and organizations existing and 
striving to maintain themselves, he 
would be astonished at the size of the 
list and the amusing and grotesque 
features which it presents. Take, for 
illustration, the matter of patriotic so- 
cieties. The ''Sons of the Revolu- 
tion " was organized to commemorate 
the virtues of those who fought in the 
War of Independence, and to keep 
alive and active the spirit of patriotism 
which ennobled its heroes. One so- 
ciety was not enough, and now we 
have the Sons of the Revolution, Sons 
of the American Revolution, Daugh- 
ters of the Revolution, Children of the 
Revolution. As there have been other 
wars so must their heroes be com- 

22 



From Another Viewpoint 

memorated, and we have the Society 
of Colonial Wars, of Colonial Dames, 
Society of the Mexican War, Loyal 
Legion, Grand Army of the Republic, 
the Army of the Potomac, of the Ten- 
nessee, of the Cumberland, etc. ; and, 
lately, for fear something might be 
omitted, some adventurous spirits in 
Minnesota have organized a society of 
All the Wars. These general socie- 
ties must have their local branches, 
and each with a roster of officials 
startling in number and amusing with 
the magnificence of their titles; presi- 
dents and president generals and 
honorary presidents, and so through 
the list. It seems sometimes as though 
the dictionary had been ransacked not 
merely to find titles but adjectives to 
adorn those titles. And this multiplic- 
ity of organizations is not confined to 
any one department of life. It per- 
vades all, and marks the religious life 
of the nation as well as any other. I 
am not here to denounce this multipli- 
. 23 



The Twentieth Century 

cation of agencies, societies and or- 
ganizations as wholly injurious, or 
even simply useless. On the con- 
trary, it may well be that this very 
multiplication has had a wholesome 
effect in stimulating universal activity. 
It is indicative, if not also partially 
creative, of the eager, pressing, am- 
bitious, restless, spirit of the age, but 
at the same time it is, as I have said, 
the cause of an immense waste of en- 
ergy. This fact is becoming more 
clearly recognized in business than 
anywhere else. Consolidation has be- 
come one of the significant facts of 
commercial enterprises. There is in 
this, if nothing else, a means of greater 
economy. The nations are feeling this 
spirit. The small states are consolida- 
ting into large ones. Germany, in- 
stead of being a number of petty prin- 
cipalities, is now a united empire. 
Russia, France and England are reach- 
ing out the grasping hand to appro- 
priate to themselves territory all over 
24 



From Another Viewpoint 

the world; and if this continues along 
the same lines it is not unreasonable 
to expect that the coming century will 
see the world with but half a dozen, 
or such a matter, of great nations, 
within whose territory and subject to 
whose dominion are all the races and 
peoples of earth. I received a letter 
recently from one of the secretaries of 
the American Board, inquiring if I 
thought the religious force of the na- 
tion was weakening, the missionary 
spirit abating, and, if not, why it was 
that contributions to the great mis- 
sionary bodies are so small. My reply 
was that I thought one great reason 
for the small contributions was the 
many drains upon the resources of in- 
dividuals, and I called his attention to 
the multitude of appeals that are being 
constantly made to every one — ap- 
peals which few are able to withstand, 
coming as they do sometimes from 
personal friends, sometimes in aid of 
local organizations, sometimes in be- 
25 



The Twentieth Century 

half of societies in different parts of 
the country, which seem to merit con- 
sideration and help. Who can count 
the number of individuals whose time 
and labor is occupied in furthering this 
multitude of enterprises? Who can 
estimate the amount of money which 
is spent in their support? Who can 
measure the energy and force which is 
put forth by the promoters and friends 
of these various movements ? Now, 
it seems to me, that as the value of 
consolidation becomes more apparent, 
the necessity of eliminating all unnec- 
essary expense more and more evident, 
we shall find a greater economy of 
religious force, and a far greater pro- 
duction of actual result. Why should 
there be such a multitude of mission- 
ary bodies, with their salaried secre- 
taries, their expensive and varied 
printing, their many agents, each one 
of whom diminishes the amount which 
finally reaches the work in the field ? 
We know the sneering comment has 
26 



From Another Viewpoint 

been often made that it costs three 
dollars to send one dollar to the 
heathen, and this is the world's criti- 
cism of the unbusiness-like ways in 
which missionary and other religious 
work is carried on. We must learn to 
do as the business man does. He 
eliminates every unnecessary expense 
and brings the producer and the con- 
sumer as near to each other as pos- 
sible. By consolidating small corpor- 
ations into large ones he aims to cut 
off the salaries of many officers; by 
continuous lines of transportation and 
closer connections between independ- 
ent lines he seeks to load at the manu- 
factory its product and deliver it with- 
out further handling at the place of 
consumption. By diminishing com- 
petition he would do away with solic- 
iting agents and drummers, and as far 
as possible bring the consumer face 
to face with the producen,. In other 
words, the dream of business is to 
eliminate the middle man, and leave 
. 27 



The Twentieth Century 

but the three parties, the producer, 
the transporter and the consumer. I 
do not discuss the question whether 
this dream is capable of realization, or 
whether if it were it would in all 
things be beneficial. 1 only seek to 
note the fact which characterizes the 
purpose and tendency of business to- 
day to eliminate every unnecessary 
item of cost and expense. Something 
of the same thought will enter into and 
control the religious activities of the 
next century. Were all the foreign 
missionary enterprises of this country 
carried on by a single organization, 
into whose treasury all contributions 
flowed and passed directly therefrom 
to the laborers in the missionary field, 
what a saving there would be. Think 
of the host of secretaries and agents 
who are to-day employed in the vari- 
ous bodies in managing their affairs, 
soliciting contributions and making ap- 
peals to the generosity of the Ameri- 
can people. How much of a saving 
28 



From Another Viewpoint 

of cost and force there would be if 
some of these gentlemen were directly 
at work on missionary ground and 
others turned into the great workshop 
of the world to become earners of 
money for carrying on missionary 
operations. It may be that this is 
only a dream, incapable of speedy 
realization, if of realization at all, and 
yet what an economy of Christian 
force would be secured thereby. Full 
play could be given to any just de- 
nominational spirit if the officers of 
such an organization were selected 
from the various denominations and 
the rule adopted of using all funds in 
the support of missionaries belonging 
to the denominations by which they 
were respectively contributed. Nor 
would there be any danger of destroy- 
ing what is now a valuable factor, 
special interest in special fields, for the 
one organization might be subject to 
the duty of distributing any special 
contribution in the way its contribu- 
29 



The Twentieth Century- 
tors desired. This illustration drawn 
from one field of active effort typifies 
that which is possible in all other 
fields, and while I do not mean to 
affirm that the twentieth century is 
going to secure a full realization of 
this, yet I believe it will show won- 
derful progress in this direction, and 
that we shall learn wisdom from the 
children of this world and seek to in- 
troduce a much greater economy into 
all Christian work. 

Again, I think the twentieth century 
will develop a clearer recognition of 
what religion is, and how its growth 
can be most surely promoted. Through 
the centuries the race has been steadily 
advancing. Whether evolution be in 
all respects scientifically true; whether 
physiologically we are simply apes — a 
little higher developed — and in respect 
to some men whom we see and know 
we ofttimes doubt whether there has 
been any development — it is true that 
civilization is progressive. There is 
30 



From Another Viewpoint 

between the savage and the civiHzed 
man, between the dweller in the thick- 
ets of Africa and the citizen of America 
a difference more profound and radical 
than in the mere surroundings of his 
life. The one stands on a higher plane 
than the other. He is so far as re- 
spects the actual development of mind 
and soul a superior being. The one 
dwells in the lowlands and valleys of 
life while the other is moving up 
toward the hilltops. In all that enno- 
bles humanity, in all that makes life 
worth living, in all that indicates a 
divine origin and a divine future, the 
one stands far in advance of the other. 
The contrast between the two is not, 
as I said, simply in the surroundings 
of life, not in the magnificence of 
dwellings, the conveniences of trans- 
portation, the luxuries which encircle 
and beautify, but in the men them- 
selves. Nor is this difference one sim- 
ply in the accumulations of knowledge, 
the culture of the mind but also in the 
31 



The Twentieth Century 

growth of character, the ripening of 
the soul. And it is true that humanity 
has been through the centuries steadily 
moving onward from barbarism to the 
present heights of civilization. This 
movement has been one of increasing 
rapidity. No century has witnessed 
such an advance as the present. The 
changed conditions of life, the out- 
reachings of the mind into the fields 
of science and learning, the strength- 
ening of human character, have never 
been more marvellous or more mag- 
nificent than in the present hundred 
years. Contrast the beginning with 
the close of the century. Words fail 
in an effort to picture the contrast. 
Life in all its diversity and manifesta- 
tions has become something grander, 
more inspiring, to a degree which it is 
difficult to fully appreciate. 

"Tell me the song of the beautiful stars, 

As grandly they glide on their blue way above us, 
Looking, in spite of our spirit's sin scars 
Down on us tenderly, yearning to love us ; 
32 



From Another Viewpoint 

This is the song in their work-worship sung 
Down through the world-jewelled universe, rung : 
'Onward forever, forevermore onward,' 
And ever they open their loving eyes sunward. 

" ' Onward ! ' shouts earth, with her myriad voices 
Of music, aye, answering the song of the seven, 
As like a wing'd child of God's love she rejoices, 

Swinging her censor of glory in heaven. 
And lo ! it is writ by the fmger of God, 
In sunbeam and flowers on the living green sod : 
' Onward forever, forevermore onward,' 
And ever she turneth all trustfully sunward. 

"The mightiest souls of all time hover o'er us. 

Who labored like gods among men, and have gone 
Like great bursts of sun on the dark way before us ; 

They're with us, still with us, our battle fight on, 
Looking down, victor-browed, from the glory crowned hill, 
They beckon, and beckon us on, onward still : 

And the true heart's aspirings are onward, still onward ; 

It turns to the future, as earth turneth sunward." 

We have a right to expect that this 
advance will continue, and that it will 
continue with accelerating speed. The 
progression is not arithmetical but 
geometrical, and when one stops to 
think of the changes which the pres- 
ent century has brought how brilliant 
seems the promise of the coming. 
Who can adequately comprehend what 
33 



The Twentieth Century 

the twentieth century at its close will 
reveal ? Who can describe man as he 
will be when he writes 1999 ? Fancy 
forgets her cunning and imagination's 
wings are not strong enough to soar 
to a full conception of what he shall 
then be. And this advance in the nat- 
ural course of things ought to be as 
great in the religious life of humanity 
as in any other direction. 

Looking backward on the progress 
of Christianity we notice two marked 
features; two significant peculiarities 
in Christian effort and Christian life. 
One is the struggle about creeds. Tak- 
ing the declaration that he that believeth 
shall be saved and he that believeth 
not is condemned already, the necessity 
of belief and what to believe have been 
among the great thoughts of the 
eighteen centuries. The intellect has 
been striving to define. Credo has 
been the wrestle of the ages, and every 
intellectual conception about Chris- 
tianity has struggled to find a foothold 

34 



From Another Viewpoint 

in the faiths of its followers. Who 
shall number the volumes that have 
been written, who count the sermons 
that have been delivered, who bring 
within the reach of his thought all the 
tremendous and continued effort to 
formulate beliefs into creeds and to 
enforce those creeds upon the race ? I 
am not here to condemn creeds, nor to 
pour contempt upon the efforts to as- 
certain the absolute truth in reference 
to all the facts about Christianity. So 
long as we have intellects which must 
think and reason, so long will the 
human mind strive to adequately com- 
prehend and definitely express its be- 
lief in reference to the profound truths 
of religion. As a man thinketh so is 
he. Creeds have their place and value. 
The clearer, the stronger, and the more 
profound one's convictions the more 
earnest and zealous he is apt to be. 
The man that believes nothing, that 
has no enduring faith in spiritual things 
comes within the denunciation of Reu- 
35 



The Twentieth Century 

ben, *' unstable as water, thou shall 
not excel." It is the glory of our Pil- 
grim fathers that they had intense con- 
victions. They believed earnestly. 
They defined their beliefs in a creed, 
and their lives were lived in intense 
effort to make that creed the universal 
and controlling fact in society. This 
may have led to some harshness, a 
certain intolerance in life. It created, 
as shown in the execution of witches 
and the persecution of Quakers, a sort 
of modified inquisition, and yet who 
would strike from our history the glo- 
ries which attended their lives of in- 
tense convictions. 

But something more than creed is 
essential to religion. It is not a ques- 
tion of intellectual advancement so 
much as of moral growth. The work- 
ings of the mind may be as brilliant 
and flashing as the circling of a Damas- 
cus blade and yet the soul dead to all 
the loftiest impulses of our spiritual 
natures. A religion that spends itself 
36 



From Another Viewpoint 

in creed and does not ripen into char- 
acter and the richness of a pure and 
lovely life is like a barren fig tree, cov- 
ered with leaves but fruitless. In the 
graphic picture which the Master drew 
of the last day the matter of creed was 
not even mentioned but the supreme 
test was expressed in the declaration, 
''inasmuch as ye have done it unto 
one of the least of these my brethren, 
ye have done it unto me." There is 
something more excellent in man than 
the mere brain. 

"The mind has a thousand eyes, 
And the heart but one. 
But the light of the whole life dies 
"When love is gone." 

It is the heart which opens the door 
to the highest and noblest life. 'Mf 
any man will do His will he shall 
know of the doctrine." ''And now 
abideth faith, hope and love; these 
three, but the greatest of these is love." 

We are coming more and more to 
learn the meaning of these words, and 
37 



The Twentieth Century 

to measure the religious character of a 
man not by the clearness of his intel- 
lectual convictions, his capacity of ac- 
curate statement, but by the purity of 
his life and the sweetness of its touch 
upon others. The subtleties of creeds 
will vanish to the schoolroom. We 
shall not be wrangling about defini- 
tions of the Trinity, the practicability 
of reconciling mathematical impossi- 
bilities with theological statements. 
We shall cease striving to solve the 
mysteries of the Incarnation, defining 
the limits of the human and the divine 
in the one being. We shall not be 
puzzling ourselves as to how the atone- 
ment was made. The practical world 
will grasp two truths. One is, that 
back of the visible and material world 
is an infinite being, one whose height 
and depth, whose length and breadth 
no man can fathom. The mysteries 
of that being and the manner of His 
life are beyond human conception or 
the power of language to express, yet 
38 



From Another Viewpoint 

He is a being, who does exist and 
whose infinite power is working 
through the ages, though with Him 
'' one day is as a thousand years and a 
thousand years as but one day," for 
the final accomplishment of truth, 
purity and justice. 

Many are the names by which He 
will be called. To some He will be 
the Omnipotent; to others, the All- 
wise, the Infinitely Lovely, the All- 
merciful, the Absolute Justice, the 
Power that Makes for Righteousness. 
To many of us no name will seem so 
fitting as that short, three-lettered 
word, God, that word borne to us 
through the centuries with historic 
resonance. We open the pages of 
the scripture, and its first sentence 
declares that ''in the beginning God 
created the heaven and the earth." 
When the overflowing waters wasted 
away, the rainbow colors spanned the 
heavens, and from them came to Noah 
the almighty voice, ''and the bow 
39 



The Twentieth Century 

shall be in the cloud; and I will look 
upon it, that I may remember the 
everlasting covenant between God 
and every living creature of all flesh 
that is upon the earth." The centuries 
passed by and Abraham left his native 
land to go into a far country to become 
the founder and first of a wondrous 
people, and going, heard the same 
voice saying, ''and I will establish 
my covenant between Me and thee 
and thy seed after thee, in their gen- 
erations, for an everlasting covenant; 
to be a God unto thee and to thy seed 
after thee." The fugitive Israelites 
stood on the further shore of the Red 
Sea while the overflowing waters en- 
gulfed the pursuing Egyptians, and 
from the lips of the emancipated race 
came, ''the Lord is my strength and 
song, and He is become my salvation; 
He is my God, and 1 will prepare Him 
an habitation; my father's God, and I 
will exalt Him." The sweet singer of 
Israel looked up into the starry skies 
40 



From Another Viewpoint 

and sang, ''the heavens declare the 
glory of God; and the firmament 
showeth His handiwork." The elo- 
quent prophet of Israel, foretelling 
the enduring hfe of the church, de- 
clared, ''for thy maker is thine hus- 
band; the Lord of Hosts is His name; 
and thy redeemer the holy one of 
Israel; the God of the whole earth 
shall He be called." The angel of the 
annunciation stood before the Galilean 
maiden and said, "fear not, Mary; for 
thou hast found favor with God." On 
the first Christmas eve the angels filled 
the heavens above the shepherds of 
Bethlehem and the refrain of the only 
celestial song ever heard on earth was 
"glory to God in the highest, and on 
earth peace, good will toward men." 
When at the beginning of His three 
years of toil and sorrow the Master 
came out from the baptismal Jordan 
"the heavens were opened unto Him, 
and He saw the spirit of God descend- 
ing like a dove, and lighting upon 
41 



The Twentieth Century 

Him." The closing agony of Calvaiy 
appeared in the feeble cry of the dy- 
ing Christ, ''My God, My God, why 
hast Thou forsaken Me ?" The apoc- 
alyptic vision rising before the eyes 
of the beloved disciple in the Isle of 
Patmos ended with, ''and I, John, 
saw the holy city. New Jerusalem, 
coming down from God out of 
heaven, prepared as a bride adorned 
for her husband." When the days of 
prophet and revelation were passed 
and humanity took up the weary bur- 
den of everyday life, Peter the hermit 
lifted the appeal to deliver the Holy 
Land from Mahommedan rule, and 
the cry which, responsive to his ap- 
peal, ran through all Europe and 
stirred it for centuries, was, "it is 
the will of God." In the darkness of 
the middle ages the inspiring voice 
of Luther proclaiming the dawn of a 
better day filled the air with the cheer- 
ing words, " Ein feste burg ist unser 
Gott." When the pilgrims neared 
42 



From Another Viewpoint 

New England's shore they formed the 
celebrated compact in the cabin of the 
Mayflower, which commenced with 
this recital, ''having undertaken for 
the glory of God, and advancement of 
the Christian faith." The Declaration 
of Independence opened with the re- 
cital, ''when in the course of human 
events, it becomes necessary for one 
people to dissolve the political bands 
which have connected them with an- 
other, and to assume among the 
powers of the earth, the separate and 
equal station to which the laws of na- 
ture and of nature's God entitle them." 
When the nation stood trembling and 
aghast at the assassination of the mar- 
tyred Lincoln, over all the trembling 
and fear arose the calm assuring voice 
of Garfield, " God reigns, and the gov- 
ernment at Washington still lives." 
And these voices might be repeated 
indefinitely. All heroic events, all lit- 
erature, whether prose or poetry, re- 
peat this word so short, so full, so im- 

43 



The Twentieth Century 

pressive. More than all it is the word 
syllabled to us in childhood by the 
sweetest voice that ever falls upon 
human ear, the voice of a mother's 
love. And so it is that to many of us 
no name shall seem so fitting as that 
short, three-lettered word, God. But 
by whatever name He may be called 
we shall all recognize the fact of His 
existence, His infinite power, justice 
and love; and so recognizing we shall 
accept that as one great truth which 
dominates time and eternity. 

The other great truth is that Christ 
of Nazareth was the incarnation of the 
infinite, the envoy extraordinary from 
the unseen world, bearing to us the 
messages of peace and hope and the 
promise of eternal life. He will be to 
us and for us, if I may so express it, 
the seen Jehovah, the visible God. His 
life, supreme in all its attributes, will 
be the great appeal to humanity to 
come up higher. Our weak and finite 
natures which shrink and fail at the 

44 



I 



From Another Viewpoint 

thought of trying to conceive an un- 
seen and infinite spirit will reach out 
with something of confidence to grasp 
one who stood on earth a human be- 
ing, and be able to say with some as- 
surance of faith, ''I know whom I 
have believed and am persuaded that 
He is able to keep that which I have 
committed unto Him against that day." 
These two fundamental truths will 
possess the life, and possessing it will 
be the inspiration which makes possi- 
ble a redeemed humanity. 

Beatrice Harraden, authoress of 
*' Ships that Pass in the Night," tells 
in one of her shorter stories of a 
painter, whose mother being a de- 
vout woman and he trained in her 
faith, commenced life painting reli- 
gious pictures. As he grew up and 
mingled with the world his faith in 
spiritual things faded away. He 
ceased to believe. He had com- 
menced to place upon canvass his 
conception of an infinite God, with 
45 



The Twentieth Century 

omnipotent arms underneath and sup- 
porting the bleeding head of a suffer- 
ing and fainting Christ. He put the 
half-finished picture away in the cor- 
ner as something unworthy of his 
efforts. He mingled in life and 
painted its pleasures and its splen- 
dors. One day an old man came 
into his room, and, as he showed 
his visitor his various paintings, he 
pointed to the uncompleted picture 
on the canvass and said he be- 
lieved he should throw it away. 
*'Do not do it," was the reply. 
*'Some day you will want to return 
to it." So he kept it. The years 
went by until old age came. He had 
seen life with its pleasures and its 
sorrows, its successes and its failures. 
The incompleteness of all grew more 
and more impressive, and he began to 
realize that there must be some other 
life to complement this, and even up 
its inequalities. His old faith came 
back. He brought out the incomplete 
46 



From Another Viewpoint 

picture, and his last, best and sweet- 
est work was in finishing this ideal of 
his youth. So will it be with human- 
ity. It has wandered far away from 
a faith in divine and higher things. 
The intellect has spent its strength to 
destroy all faith, and now we are 
coming to realize with comforting as- 
surance that there are spiritual things; 
that this life of ours is more than a 
material existence; that loftiness of 
thought, intensity of affection, mean 
something other than the flashing of 
a current of electricity through a piece 
of lime; that the only satisfactory so- 
lution of this life is found in a life to 
come; and now humanity's earlier 
dream of a multitude of superhuman 
beings is changing into the recognized 
philosophic truth of the existence of 
one infinite spiritual being, back of all 
visible things, who makes for right- 
eousness. The everlasting arms are 
evermore beneath the wearied, suf- 
fering, bleeding children of earth. 

47 



The Twentieth Century 

With this picture glowing on the 
canvass of the soul humanity enters 
the twentieth century. 

The other marked feature of the 
past is the long continued appeal to 
force. Men must be compelled to be 
righteous, as though the human soul 
was something which could be co- 
erced into virtue as a piece of wood 
can be pressed into shape by the tre- 
mendous force of a jack screw. The 
long dark ages of the Inquisition were 
but an expression of this thought. It 
would be the height of injustice to 
say that all who were engaged in in- 
flicting its tortures were bad men. 
Doubtless bad men did make use of 
it as a means of gratifying their evil 
passions, but much of its cruelty was 
wrought by those who were the best 
of the time and sincere in their belief 
that through it they might crush out 
evil and establish right. They suf- 
fered themselves while they inflicted 
tortures upon others, and justified 
48 



From Another Viewpoint 

their action by the belief that they 
were helping to save eternally those 
whom they were presently torturing. 
It was man's appeal to force rather 
than to love. Our Puritan fathers out- 
grew this system of torture, though 
they did execute a few witches, but 
in lieu of that they substituted a mul- 
titude of petty regulations which an- 
noyed without reforming. They mis- 
conceived the Master's effort to spiriv- 
ualize the old commandments and, 
ignoring its import, sought to trans- 
form the sweet freedom of His 
thoughts into the harsh and rigor- 
ous literalism of new commands and 
new prohibitions. The so-called ' ' blue 
laws of Connecticut," though a libel 
on the state, illustrate the drift of 
New England life. It is not strange 
that from such a system of restriction 
a reaction set in — a reaction which for 
awhile threatened to sweep away all 
restraints of law and to leave every 
man free to do just as he pleased. 

49 



The Twentieth Century 

But the growing density of our popu- 
lation soon developed the necessity of 
more exacting police regulations in 
respect to all the relations of society, 
and out of this there has grown a 
widespread feeling that the true way 
to reform is to legislate. Intemper- 
ance, social impurity, gambling, and 
all sorts of vice are to be extermi- 
nated by statute and ordinance. Mak- 
ing men good by law has become a 
fad. This thought is expressed in the 
pious ejaculation of the worthy citizen 
of the town of Podunk, ''bless the 
Lord! The millennium has come. 
Humanity is regenerated. The Po- 
dunk town council has passed an 
ordinance requiring all men to be 
temperate, pure and good." But re- 
forming men by statute is simply the 
old appeal to force. It is only the 
idea of the Inquisition softened and 
refined, and yet it has become very 
popular. Every new manifestation of 
vice has been followed not so much 
50 



From Another Viewpoint 

by more earnest efforts to reform the 
individual as by the enactment of new 
statutes, with more stringent provi- 
sions — an additional twist of the legis- 
lative screw. 

Do not misunderstand me as decry- 
ing all legislation; as intimating that 
the State must stand indifferent to 
matters of vice and has no duty of 
protection against its temptations. I 
do not suggest that the saloon, gam- 
bling house, and the brothel are not to 
be put down by law. All I mean to 
insist is that the function of law is 
simply to protect. Society may by 
suitable statute and ordinance guard 
itself against the temptations and evil 
influences which fill these abodes of 
vice. But that is a minor matter. No 
man is reformed by a statute — made 
good by an ordinance. The Master 
taught a more excellent way. Casting 
out the evil spirits is not enough. 
The empty chambers of the soul will 
soon be revisited by a worse brood. 
51 



The Twentieth Century 

It is only by filling those chambers 
with a new and better spirit that any- 
thing like reformation is possible. 
Closing the saloon does not destroy 
the appetite for drink. Driving out the 
brothel does not destroy lust. Shut- 
ting up the gambling house does not 
eliminate the eager passion for gam- 
ing. The strength of our efforts should 
not be to fill the statutes with prohi- 
bitions, but to reach the individual and 
strengthen his character. The temp- 
tations of the Master, as recorded by 
the Gospels, throw wonderful light on 
this subject. Read as the narrative of 
a meeting in the wilderness with a 
personal being and a colloquy lip to 
lip, the story is grotesquely and ab- 
surdly false; but understood as the 
picture of a noble soul, upon whom 
was dawning the consciousness of an 
infinite power, facing the desire to use 
that power so as to remove all want 
and suffering from the world, to at- 
tract the race by the displays of its 
52 



From Another Viewpoint 

magnificence, and by force to trans- 
form the rebellious into pure and loving 
children of the father, it is magnifi- 
cently and superbly true. Every no- 
ble soul longs to see the world better; 
to see suffering and sin cease and every 
man and woman grow into the meas- 
ure of the stature of perfect men and 
women. And naturally the first 
thought is to reach for means to this 
end, even those of compulsion, re- 
straining the outward life and thus ap- 
parently bringing the longed-for result. 
Only by long experience and through 
the slow centuries are we learning the 
solemn truth that no man is made good 
from without, that the soul must itself 
grow and that its growth comes only 
through the appeals of love, and that 
infinite love is the one great factor by 
which humanity is to be lifted up to 
its high estate. But we are beginning 
to learn the significance of this truth. 
We are coming to appreciate that the 
forces of this world are not potent for 

53 



The Twentieth Century 

the reformation of the race, that the 
spirit of divine and appealing love is 
the one great thing to be relied on. 
So I look in the coming century to see 
not merely a clearer conception of 
fundamental truths — a putting behind 
us as of little significance the mxinor 
differences of creed and doctrine — but 
also a keener and more just apprecia- 
tion of the means by which alone hu- 
manity can become fit to enter the new 
Paradise which one day shall dawn 
upon the earth. The twentieth cen- 
tury will be more spiritually minded. 
Peace, with its white wings, hovers 
everywhere in the air, and this not- 
withstanding the steady arming of the 
world goes on and the great battalions 
and the huge armaments increase. 
Commerce is breaking down the bar- 
riers between nations and races. We 
are coming more and more to learn 
that there is one brotherhood of the 
human family; that the sufferings of 
any member thereof make just appeal 
54 



From Another Viewpoint 

to the sympathies and help of all; that 
right and not might is the only solvent 
of disputes; that the Golden Rule is 
better than the Ten Commandments; 
that the great song of aspiring hu- 
manity finds its inspiration in the 
refrain, '*Come unto Me all ye that 
labor and are heavy laden and I will 
give you rest." 

" Some day love shall claim its own 

Some day right ascend its throne 

Some day brotherhood be known 

Some day, some sweet day." 

1 wish it were my privilege to enter 
into the new century and take part in 
its toils, its triumphs and its glories, 
but I realize alas, too sadly, that my 
work is nearing its end. The nine- 
teenth century has witnessed for me 
all that is gathered into that wondrous 
composite thing, called human ex- 
perience, that marvellous combination 
of struggles and toils, of successes and 
failures, joys and sorrows, that some- 
thing which gives to life its glories and 
55 



The Twentieth Century 

its prophecies. This for me came 
through the nineteenth century, now 
nearing its end. I may see the morn- 
ing but I cannot hope to enter largely 
into the great revelations of the next 
century. To you, my young friends, 
that century comes as the messenger 
of glory and usefulness, or of selfish- 
ness and dishonor. May you be found 
worthy of its privileges, and so live 
as to add to its glory, and may your 
part in them be such that when the 
twentieth century draws near its even- 
ing the great world shall turn to you 
as its heroes and benefactors. 

One thought in conclusion. While 
the twentieth century will be more 
spiritually minded and each new cen- 
tury show more and more of the 
higher and sweeter life, yet till the end 
of time humanity must walk within 
the bounds of the material. The 
glories of the life to come will never 
be revealed to the toiling and saddened 
children of earth. I know not what 
56 



From Another Viewpoint 

science may accomplish in bringing 
nearer to us other stars and planets. 
We may one day comprehend all the 
facts of the material universe, know 
its infinite bounds and understand all 
the forces by which its marvellous 
movements and its myriad changes are 
produced, but the spiritual life will re- 
main still the life unseen, unknown. 
The gates of death will always open 
only one way, and no human foot- 
steps will come back from that mys- 
terious bourne, where all the incom- 
pleteness of life is made complete. 
We shall go through this journey of 
time, each one evermore yearning and 
yearning in vain for the *' touch of a 
vanished hand and the sound of a 
voice that is still." No voice from the 
spirit world will ever come with its 
message of cheer. The song of the 
angels, once heard by the shepherds 
on the plains of Bethlehem will never 
again be audible to human ears. We 
must each and all go down into the 
57 



The Twentieth Century 

dark valley alone, so far as human 
help and human presence is concerned. 
We can only say with the Psalmist, 
'' though I walk through the valley of 
the shadow of death, I will fear no 
evil: for Thou art with me; Thy rod 
and Thy staff they comfort me." Or 
perhaps only be able to sing, in the 
words of Whittier: 

" I know not where His islands lift 
Their fronded palms in air. 
I only know I cannot drift 
Beyond His love and care," 

or repeat the farewell words of Eng- 
land's last great poet: 

"Sunset and evening star, 
And one clear call for me ! 
And may there be no moaning of the bar 
When I put out to sea. 

*'But such a tide as moving seems asleep, 
Too full for sound and foam, 
When that which drew from out the boundless deep 
Turns again home. 

"Twilight and evening bell 
And after that the dark ! 
And may there be no sadness of farewell 
When I embark. 

58 



From Another Viewpoint 

' For tho' from out our bourne of Time and Place 
The flood may bear me far, 
I hope to see my Pilot face to face 
When I have crossed the bar." 



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